What is the primary goal of the Spanning Tree Protocol?

The primary goal of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is to eliminate network loops. In Ethernet networks, where switches are interconnected, creating multiple active paths can lead to broadcast storms and MAC address table instability. STP works by identifying and blocking redundant paths in the network topology, ensuring there is a loop-free environment while maintaining a single active path between any two network devices.

When a loop exists, frames can circulate endlessly, causing significant disruptions and degrading the overall performance of the network. By using a tree structure with designated root bridges and blocking certain paths, STP helps ensure that all switches can communicate without the risk of loops. This capability is crucial for maintaining the reliability and predictability of a network's operation, making the elimination of loops the central purpose of the protocol.