In which mode can a switch store VLAN information in the running configuration only?

In VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) operation, the correct mode in which a switch stores VLAN information only in its running configuration is the transparent mode. When a switch is configured in transparent mode, it does not participate in VTP management, which means it does not send or receive VLAN information from other switches. Instead, it locally creates and manages its own VLAN database and retains those VLANs in its running configuration, but this information will not be saved in the synchronized VTP database that is shared among the VLAN trunking protocol domain.

Since the switch does not propagate VLAN information to other switches in this mode, the changes made to the VLAN configuration will not be stored in the startup configuration unless manually saved. The switch only holds the VLAN data in RAM while it is powered on, which implies that if the switch is rebooted, any unsaved changes would be lost.

In contrast, in VTP Server mode, VLAN information is stored persistently and can be modified, which is then propagated to other switches in the VTP domain. VTP Client mode also allows switches to receive VLAN updates from VTP servers but does not allow any local modifications or storage in startup configuration. VTP Pruning is a feature that optimizes bandwidth by