How does OSPF handle topology changes within the network?

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) dynamically manages topology changes using the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, also known as Dijkstra's algorithm. When a change occurs in the network, such as a link going down or a new link being introduced, OSPF quickly identifies the affected area and performs an SPF recalculation to determine the best paths to all destination networks. This process ensures that the routing table is updated with the most efficient routes.

One of the fundamental advantages of OSPF is its ability to quickly adapt to changes in network topology while minimizing the traffic generated during these updates. OSPF routers only send out updates when there are actual changes in the topology, rather than at fixed intervals. This is a key aspect of OSPF’s efficiency, as it reduces unnecessary bandwidth usage and CPU load compared to other protocols that utilize fixed-update intervals or manual route management.

In contrast, the other approaches listed would not align with OSPF’s functioning. The Bellman-Ford method is associated with distance-vector protocols, not OSPF, which is a link-state protocol. Periodic route updates would introduce unnecessary overhead in a dynamic environment, violating the efficient model that OSPF uses. Introducing new routes manually